Galvani Luigi (1737-1798). Memorie sulla elettricità animale di Luigi Galvani. Al celebre Abate Lazzaro Spallanzani Pubblico Professore nella Università di Pavia. Aggiunte alcune elettriche esperienze di Gio. Aldini P. Prof. di Fisica. Bologna: Per le Stampe del Sassi, 1797.
First edition
Memorie sulla Elettricità Animale (translated as Memoirs on Animal Electricity) is a book by Italian physician and scientist Luigi Galvani, published in 1797. In this work, Galvani presents his groundbreaking experiments that led to the discovery of "animal electricity"—a term he coined to describe the electrical phenomena observed in the muscles of animals.
Galvani's experiments, particularly on frogs' legs, demonstrated that when certain metal conductors were applied to nerves or muscles, the muscles would twitch, even without direct stimulation from a traditional electric source. This phenomenon led him to hypothesize that there was an inherent "electric fluid" within living organisms, a key concept in early biophysics.
The book contributed significantly to the field of bioelectricity and laid the foundation for later developments in neuroscience, physiology, and electrical science. Galvani's ideas were a precursor to the understanding of the nervous system and electrical impulses, although the true nature of bioelectricity was more fully understood with the work of others, such as Alessandro Volta, who developed the first chemical battery in response to Galvani's findings.
105 numbered pages. 2 engraved folding. 4° (10,24x7,64mm).
Private collection
Some spotting, general wear, bumped.
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Galvani Luigi - Bologna 9 settembre 1737, Bologna 4 dicembre 1798; was an Italian physician, physicist, and biologist best known for his pioneering work in bioelectricity. He is often credited with discovering what is now known as "galvanism," which is the phenomenon of electric currents causing muscle contractions.
Galvani's most famous experiment involved frogs' legs. In 1780, while performing experiments on the nervous system, he noticed that a frog's leg twitched when it came into contact with an electrical spark. This led him to believe that animals' nerves contained a form of electricity. Galvani's observations contributed to the development of the idea that electricity played a role in the functioning of living organisms.
His work laid the foundation for the study of electrophysiology and inspired later scientists like Alessandro Volta, who disagreed with Galvani's hypothesis and argued that electricity was coming from the metals in the experiment rather than from the animal tissue itself. Volta's work ultimately led to the invention of the first chemical battery, but Galvani's research on bioelectricity remained influential.
In addition to his work in bioelectricity, Galvani made significant contributions to the study of anatomy and physiology. Despite the controversies surrounding his ideas, his experiments opened the way for later discoveries in neuroscience and biomedicine.